sexually transmitted disease:
Or: STD / sexually-transmitted-infection (STI) / venereal-disease (VD) , any disease caused by bacteria or viruses usually transmitted by sexual contact with an infected person. The most common STDs in the U.S. are herpes-simplex-virus type II (HSV II), chlamydia , gonorrhea , syphilis and genital-warts . Some infections which can be spread by sex , such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis-B virus, are not traditionally referred to as STDs because they also can be spread by other means. Most STDs are curable (chlamydya, gonorrhea , syphilis , trichomoniasis); some are not (HIV, HSV . HPV and Hepatitis B). Researchers have identified more than 30 STDs that afflict an estimated 200 to 400 million people worldwide, including about 70 million in the United States, and the incidence of infection is rising. After the cold and flu, STDs are the most common contagious-diseases in the United States. More than 12 million Americans contract a sexually transmitted disease each year; at least three million of these are teenagers. The costs of dealing with these diseases runs into the billions of dollars annually. STDs are classified on the basis of either their etiologies or their clinical manifestations. See STD for synonyms. ETIOLOGICAL CASSIFICATION:
A) Caused by BACTERIA:
-- 1) Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, cervicitis , endometritis, salpingitis, perihepatitis, bartholinitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, prepubertal vaginitis , prostatitis, accessory-gland infection, amniotic infection syndrome, disseminated gonococcal infection, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, and premature delivery .
-- 2) Chlamydia-trachomatis : Urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, cervicitis , endometritis, salpingitis, perihepatitis, bartholinitis, prepubertal vaginitis , otitis media in infants, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, premature delivery , inclusion conjunctivitis, infant pneumonia, trachoma, and lymphogranuloma venereum.
-- 3) Mycoplasma hominis: Postpartum fever, salpingitis.
-- 4) Ureaplasma urealyticum: Nongonococcal urethritis , chorioamnionitis, premature delivery .
-- 5) Treponema-pallidum : Syphilis.
-- 6) Hemophilus ducreyi: Chancroid.
-- 7) Calymmatobacterium-granulomatis : Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale).
-- 8) Gardnerella-vaginalis : Gardnerella-associated ("nonspecific") vaginosis.
-- 9) Shigella sp.: Shigellosis in homosexual men.
-- 10) Campylobacter sp.: Enteritis, proctocolitis.
-- 11) Group B streptococcus: Neonatal sepsis, neonatal meningitis.
B) Caused by VIRUSES:
-- 1) Herpes simplex virus: Initial and recurrent genital-herpes , aseptic meningitis, neonatal herpes , cervical dysplasia and carcinoma, carcinoma in situ of the vulva .
-- 2) Hepatitis B virus: Acute hepatitis-B , chronic active hepatitis , persistent (unresolved) hepatitis , polyarteritis nodosa, chronic membranous glomerulonephritis, mixed cryoglobulinemia, polymyalgia rheumatica, hepatocellular carcinoma.
-- 3) Hepatitis A virus: Acute hepatitis A.
-- 4) Cytomegalovirus: Heterophil-negative infectious mononucleosis, congenital infection, gross birth defects and infant mortality, cognitive impairment (e.g., mental retardation, sensorineural deafness), cervicitis , protean manifestations in the immunosuppressed host.
-- 5) Human papillomavirus: Condylomata acuminata, laryngeal papilloma, cervical dysplasia.
-- 6) Molluscum contagiosum virus: Genital molluscum contagiosum.
C) Caused by PROTOZOA:
-- 1) Trichomonas-vaginalis : Trichomonal vaginitis .
-- 2) Entamoeba histolytica: Amebiasis in homosexual men.
-- 3) Giardia lamblia: Giardiasis in homosexual men.
D) Caused by FUNGI:
-- Candida-albicans : Vulvovaginitis, balanitis .
E) Cause by ECTOPARASITES:
-- Phthirius pubis : Pubic lice infestation.
-- Sarcoptes scabiei: Scabies.
Link to this page: